‘Brawl Stars’ Loot Boxes Are Not Illegal Gambling, Rules Judge

A federal judge in San Francisco on Tuesday denied a class-action lawsuit against tech giant Apple, which claimed loot boxes in the video game Brawl Stars amounted to gambling.

Brawl Stars loot boxes
Brawl Stars loot boxes
Brawl Stars, pictured, uses paid-for loot boxes. But there is no law against this in California, according to US District Court Judge Richard Seeborg. (Image: Brawl Stars/Supercell)

The lawsuit was filed last year by California mom Rebecca Taylor, whose son downloaded the mobile battle-arena shooter game from the App Store. Taylor said her son subsequently purchased $25 in virtual, in-game currency, which he then splurged on loot boxes.

A loot box is a virtual item which can be redeemed to receive a randomised selection of virtual items, i.e. “loot.” They can range from customization options to game-changing equipment, such as weapons and armor.

But US District Court Judge Richard Seeborg in the Northern District of California ruled that loot boxes were legal in California, and it was down to lawmakers, not the courts, to prohibit them, if appropriate.

“Existing statutory law does not plainly prohibit ‘loot boxes,’” he wrote. “If plaintiffs’ allegations regarding the harmful affects [sic] of loot boxes are accurate, the public interest likely lies in seeking legislative remedies.”

Loot Boxes Random

Since they employ chance-based mechanics and players can sometimes pay to unlock them, loot boxes draw comparisons to gambling. But generally, loot boxes do not fall into most legal definitions of gambling, because the “prize” – the virtual items within — cannot be said to be “something of value.”

But in 2018, a federal judge in Washington State broke that mold. The ruling was that the virtual currency in Big Fish social casino games was indeed “something of value,” which made it illegal gambling under that state’s laws.

The decision resulted in a $155 million settlement from Big Fish to former players.

‘No Economic Damage’

Taylor claimed the loot boxes in Brawl Stars were akin to slot machines.

“Buying a loot box is a gamble, because the player does not know what the loot box actually contains until it is opened,” the complaint argued.

Meanwhile, Apple benefitted from a “predatory monetization scheme that violates established public policies and constitutes immoral, unethical, or unscrupulous conduct.” Taylor alleged this violated California laws against unfair business practices.

Apple’s lawyers argued that since the game uses virtual currency, and the virtual items acquired in the game cannot be used or sold in the real world, it wasn’t clear how the plaintiff had suffered economic injury.

The judge agreed, and that may bode well for the tech giants. There have been slew of lawsuits against Apple, Facebook, and Google alleging social casinos on these platforms constitute illegal gambling. The lawsuits were recently consolidated into one master complaint, and will be heard by the same Northern California federal court.

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California Tribes Call Out Hypocrisy in Cardrooms’ Suit Over Sports Betting Measure

California tribal leaders have responded to a lawsuit filed before the California Supreme Court by two cardroom operators seeking to keep an expanded gaming initiative that would allow sports betting at Indian casinos to go before voters on the November ballot.

Hollywood Park Casino
Hollywood Park Casino
An external shot of the Hollywood Park Casino, a commercially licensed cardroom in Inglewood, Calif. Hollywood Park and Parkwest Casino Cordova filed a petition to the California Supreme Court on Dec. 21 seeking to block a tribal-backed sports betting measure from getting placed on the November general election ballot. (Image: CSG Consultants)

In a 32-page document submitted last Wednesday, tribal gaming supporters criticized the suit filed on Dec. 21 by the Hollywood Park Casino in Inglewood and Parkwest Casino Cordova near Sacramento as merely a “veiled” political ploy.

Hollywood Park and Parkwest want the state’s top court to keep Secretary of State Shirley Weber from publishing the tribal-backed “California Sports Wagering Regulation and Unlawful Gambling Enforcement Act” on the Nov. 8 general election ballot. They want the measure to undergo a “preelection review” because they say it violates the state constitution’s single-subject provision.

Weber is listed as the defendant in the case. However, the plaintiffs also listed the pro-tribal gaming group Coalition to Authorize Regulated Sports Wagering and four chairs of California-based tribes as real parties of interest in the case.

Election officials across the state verified last year that supporters of the “California Sports Wagering Regulation and Unlawful Gambling Enforcement Act” received enough valid signatures to be placed on the ballot. Besides legalizing sports betting and allowing retail sportsbooks at tribal casinos and racetracks, the measure also would allow tribal casinos to offer roulette and dice table games on their floors.

While the tribal measure has been approved, the potential exists for up to three more sports betting-focused initiatives. That includes one backed by cardroom interests.

Cardrooms Say Tribal Measure Violates California Constitution

Hollywood Park and Parkwest claim the tribal measure breaks the single-subject provision in several ways.

They say that the tribal leaders are using sports betting as a guise “to achieve their longstanding goals” of operating “Las Vegas-style casinos” and also being able to sue cardrooms for alleged misconduct. Regarding the latter, the tribal measure would allow anyone or any entity to file a civil lawsuit against entities violating California’s gaming laws.

Violators could face fines of up to $10,000 per violation

“The Initiative engages in ‘log-rolling’ by forcing voters to accept or reject an all-or-nothing grab bag of disparate provisions,” the cardrooms’ complaint states. “The Initiative ties a popular sports wagering measure to unrelated, controversial measures that the Gaming Tribes have tried and failed to obtain by other means.”

Tribes Call Cardrooms ‘Hypocritical’

The response from tribal leaders said that the cardrooms had two years to file the suit, and they still could have filed the suit now in a lower-division court since the deadline to print the ballot is in early September.

Tribal leaders also refute the cardrooms’ claims pertaining to the single-subject rule. All matters within the “California Sports Wagering Regulation and Unlawful Gambling Enforcement Act” deal with gaming. They also point out that if their measure fails to meet the single-subject rule, then so, too, does the cardroom-backed measure since it would allow those commercially licensed facilities to offer standard casino card games, such as blackjack and baccarat.

Currently, California’s cardrooms offer poker tables and offshoots of blackjack and other casino card games.

Apparently, Petitioners believe the Initiative challenged in this case violates the single-subject rule, while the initiative Petitioners support as an alternative does not. Both cannot be true,” the tribal leaders said. “Petitioners’ challenge to this Initiative while supporting another measure that has the same combination of provisions – albeit tailored to the interests of the Cardrooms – is not only hypocritical, but further demonstrates that this Petition represents a veiled political attempt to gain an advantage for an alternative ballot measure.”

The response also points out that Parkwest’s owner has given $150,000 to a committee formed to oppose the tribal retail sports betting measure.

Other California Sports Betting Initiatives Proposed

The cardroom-backed sports betting plan would allow all gaming entities – including tribal casinos – to offer sportsbooks. Unlike the tribal measure, though, it would allow for mobile wagering apps. It also would let the state’s professional sports teams partner with sports betting operators.

Besides the cardroom-backed measure, which currently has a petition being circulated across the state, two other proposed initiatives have either been approved to circulate a petition or await that approval.

One is being supported by seven national sports betting operators to the tune of $100 million, which is how much DraftKings, FanDuel, BetMGM, Bally Bet, WynnBET, Fanatics, and Barstool Sportsbook have put up to promote their plan across California. They want to be able to purchase online sports betting licenses for $100 million each. Their proposal would also let tribal casinos purchase licenses for $10 million, but with their betting apps restricted to using only their casino or tribal name.

Petitions to get that measure on the ballot are currently being circulated as well.

In response to cardrooms’ and sports betting operators’ proposal, a select group of California tribes has put together another proposal that would give tribal casino operators exclusive rights to mobile sports betting in the state. That proposal is currently with the state attorney general’s office but its backers should be cleared to circulate petitions later this month.

To earn a spot on the November ballot, organizers of those measures must secure 997,139 valid signatures from registered voters on their petitions before a state-recommended April 26 deadline. That would give election officials enough time to verify the signatures and determine by June 30 if it qualifies for the ballot.

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Genting Wraps Up Japan Casino Units with Dissolutions and Liquidations

genting_wraps_up_japan_casino_units_with_dissolutions_and_liquidationsGenting Singapore Limited announced this week that it will wind up and shut down all eight of its subsidiaries in Japan. The move comes after the company put its plans on hold in September after the new mayor of Yokohama said the city would not participate in the integrated casino resort initiative authorized by law years earlier.

The units listed on SGX stock exchange announcement for voluntary dissolution and liquidation included the wholly-owned subsidiary, Genting International Japan Co Ltd., and seven indirectly owned subsidiaries in the country comprising BayCity Co., Genting Osaka Co., Genting Yokohama Co., MoonLake Co., Resorts World Osaka Co., Spark Yokohama Co., and StarLight Co., all Limited companies.

No Impact Expected on Genting Bottom Line

The order, filed on behalf of the board of directors by Secretary Liew Lan Hing, stated:
The members’ voluntary dissolution and liquidation of the Subsidiaries are not expected to have any material impact on the consolidated net tangible assets and earnings per share of the Group (being the Company and its subsidiaries) for the financial year ending 31, December 2021.”

Genting Singapore operates Resorts World Sentosa and keeps offices at the casino resort on Sentosa Island in Singapore. The country has only two casinos, Resorts World Sentosa (RWS) and Marina Bay Sands which is owned by Las Vegas Sands Corp.

According to a report in GGRAsia, Genting was reported to be one of two contenders for a license that could have been issued in the thriving metropolis of Yokohama. It is the capital city of Kanagawa Prefecture, and the most populous city in the prefecture, The 2020 population was 3.8 million. Yokohama sits on Tokyo Bay, south of Tokyo proper.

First Legal Casinos in Japan

When the integrated casino resorts are built they will be the first legal casinos in the history of modern-day Japan. Genting was seen as a near-perfect candidate owing to their experience in creating multi-use resorts that also happen to have a casino – especially in an Asian culture where gambling outside of a few special places is not only frowned upon but illegal.

The firm’s specialty work and experience in Malaysia and Singapore as well as vast experience in running other resorts such as Resorts World Catskills in Upstate New York, and Resorts World Las Vegas came to naught when Yokohama Mayor Takeharu Yamanaka took office and stated that a special office set up by his predecessor, Fumiko Hayashi would be abolished on October 1, 2021, effectively ending any hope for an integrated casino resort in Yokohama.

Further administrative and council work is expected to wind back all progress that was made on local laws in relation to the integrated casino resort.

Source: Genting Singapore to wind up Japan units, GGRAsia, December 29, 2021

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Kambi to Provide Sports Betting Platform for Affinity Interactive’s DRF Sports

Sports betting platform provider Kambi on Wednesday announced a deal with another emerging US operator. This time, the Malta-based technology company reached an agreement to provide sportsbook services for Affinity Interactive, which plans to operate under the brand DRF Sports.

James Zenni
James Zenni
Affinity Interactive Chairman James Zenni said the multi-year partnership with gaming technology provider Kambi “is the first step” toward establishing Affinity’s DRF Sports as a sportsbook and iGaming operator. (Image: Affinity Interactive)

While terms of the agreement were not released, a joint statement said the two sides signed off on a multi-year partnership. The pact calls for Kambi to provide the platform for Affinity Interactive’s online and brick-and-mortar sports betting operations.

Among the services Kambi will offer include odds management, customer intelligence, risk management, and compliance.

Affinity Interactive’s subsidiaries include the Daily Racing Form, an omnichannel horse racing publication that provides readers with detailed data to help make wagering selections, and Affinity Gaming, which operates eight casinos in Iowa, Missouri, and Nevada. Affinity Interactive also owns DRF Bets, an advance-deposit online horse racing wagering platform.

In September, the Daily Racing Form and DRF Bets announced the creation of DRF Sports. While it launched as an information resource for sports bettors, the plan has been to eventually transition into a sports betting operator. The deal with Kambi creates that possibility, pending regulatory approvals.

Affinity Interactive Chairman James Zenni said the Kambi announcement comes at an exciting time for the company.

Partnering with Kambi will allow us to capitalize on a number of compelling opportunities and position our businesses for shared success,” he said. “This is the first step in our strategy of rolling out the DRF Sports brand to online customers for sports betting and iGaming.”

The initial launch will be online in Iowa, but the statement noted additional states will be announced starting in 2022.

Affinity Positioning DRF Brand

Earlier this year, Affinity Gaming merged with Sports Interactive Group, which owned the Daily Racing Form, to create Affinity Interactive.

Affinity Gaming operates the Lakeside Hotel Casino in Iowa. In Nevada, it operates the Silver Sevens, an off-strip casino in Las Vegas, three casinos – Buffalo Bill’s, Primm Valley, and Whiskey Pete’s – in Primm near the California border, and Rail City in Sparks.

Lakeside, Primm Valley, and Rail City all currently host William Hill sportsbooks. William Hill’s US operations were acquired by Caesars Entertainment, which has since rebranded most of the William Hill US sportsbooks under its own name.

While the Affinity casinos’ websites still mention the William Hill brand, they also promote free-play DRF Sports cash games. That, along with Thursday’s announcement, would indicate the brick-and-mortar facilities will eventually take on the DRF brand once it gets approved for licensure.

Affinity Gaming also operates the St. Joe Frontier and Mark Twain casinos in Missouri, which has yet to pass a sports betting bill.

Nylen Says Kambi, Affinity Make Good Pair

Kambi is a major player in the US sports betting market. The company is a technology provider for such operators as Barstool Sportsbook, BetRivers, Unibet, and TwinSpires. It also has partnerships with such tribal operators as Seneca Resorts and Casinos in New York and Four Winds Casinos in Indiana and Michigan.

Kambi CEO Kristian Nylén said in a statement that working with Affinity in both the retail and online sectors presents “an exciting opportunity to showcase the strength of our product and leverage our experience” in the industry.

“The combination of Kambi’s advanced technology, DRF Sports’ multimedia information capabilities, and Affinity Interactive’s regional casino assets makes for an enticing sports betting proposition,” Nylén said.

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Manager of Liverpool Jurgen Klopp Frustrated with English Premier League’s Substitution Rule

manager_of_liverpool_jurgen_klopp_frustrated_with_english_premier_leagues_substitution_ruleThe head coach of Liverpool’s football club, Jurgen Klopp, is just the latest manager of the English Premier League manager to voice his frustrations with only being permitted to execute 3 – substitutions during a game especially when it is a busy time where many team are being hit hard by COVID – 19 cases.

The English Premier League (EPL) is just one of the very few top leagues that has decided to remain opposed to allowing 5 – substitutions for football contests. Moving from 3 – substitutions per match to 5 – substitutions per game was implemented back in May of 2020 to help clubs better deal with the busy schedule as football resumed after a suspension of play because of the COVID – 19 pandemic, and this change has remained on a more permanent basis by many other top football leagues in Europe.

English teams voted to go back to 3 – subs for last season as well as the current season. However, the issue has been revisited lately due to the recent COVID – 19 outbreaks in various clubs throughout the last month as there has been an increase in positive tests for the coronavirus especially in cases of the omicron variant where it spreads quickly and easily.

The English Premier League is the only one of the major football leagues in Europe to be playing matches over the holiday period as some clubs have found themselves playing 3 – matches over the course of 7 – days. Although the EPL is still operating right now several matches have had to be postponed due to the heavy COVID – 19 outbreaks on some teams.

The EPL has now cancelled 15 – games in only two and a half weeks because of coronavirus related issues. The last affected match was between Leeds and Aston Villa as well as Arsenal and Wolverhampton both of those contests were set to be played on Tuesday, December 28th, 2021.

Liverpool’s manager, Klopp, has seen 4 – players including Virgil van Dijk, Fabinho, Thiago Alcantara, and Curtis Jones all forced to be sidelined from game action over the last couple of weeks following their positive COVID – 19 test results, but now these guys are back training and may play versus Leicester on Tuesday, December 28th, 2021.

Klopp acknowledged that things are seemingly not going to change for the betterment of the English Premier League, which features some smaller clubs that feel that they are at a major disadvantage in comparison with teams such as Manchester City and Liverpool who have greater depth of players within their football organizations. Oh well not much can be done here unless the EPL makes changes to their current substitution rules.

Media Statements

“This wonderful game is so wonderful because usually the player on the pitch is in good shape, is well trained, is well recovered and can go for it. That’s why we love the game. But now the situation is clear … The best league in the world and the most intense league in the world is the only league in Europe with still three subs. It’s not right,” the head coach of Liverpool, Jurgen Klopp, proclaimed.

“Especially in this moment, you bring players back after a COVID infection or after an injury and because of the games you have to play, they have to play immediately,” Klopp goes on to say. “Then you cannot get them (off the field) after 60 minutes because you have to change others, that kind of thing. It’s a real problem.

We are not protecting the players,” the head coach of Chelsea, Thomas Tuchel, explained, “because we are the only league who doesn’t have five changes. We are filling holes where we can fill them. We are struggling. We’re pressing our players. I have maximum respect for what the players did. We do changes because of injuries. We don’t change for tactical reasons anymore.”

We are putting too much demand on the players,” the assistant manager of Aston Villa, Gary McAllister, said.

Sources:

Douglas, Steve. “Klopp frustrated at EPL’s 3 – sub rule as COVID – 19 cases bite”. The Associated Press. December 27, 2021.

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